Average learning outcomes vs. GDP per capita, 2015

The vertical axis shows average scores across standardized, psychometrically-robust international and regional student achievement tests. To maximize coverage bycountry, tests have been harmonized and pooled across subjects (math, reading, science) and levels (primary and secondary education). The horizontal axis showsGDP per capita after adjusting for price differences between countries and across time.

GDP per capita$1,000$10,000$100,000$2,000$5,000$20,000$50,000Averagelearningoutcome score300400500600ChinaChinaIndiaIndiaUnited StatesUnited StatesIndonesiaIndonesiaBrazilBrazilRussiaRussiaJapanJapanVietnamVietnamTurkeyTurkeyDemocratic Republic of CongoDemocratic Republic of CongoSaudi ArabiaSaudi ArabiaGhanaGhanaYemenYemenCote d'IvoireCote d'IvoireSyriaSyriaChadChadDominican RepublicDominican RepublicNew ZealandNew ZealandOmanOmanTogoTogoUnited Arab EmiratesUnited Arab EmiratesAfricaAsiaEuropeNorth AmericaOceaniaSouth America1.2B1.2B400M400MDots sized byPopulation(historicalestimates)