Liberal democracy, 2021
Based on the criteria of the classification by Lührmann et al. (2018) and the assessment by V-Dem’s experts. Liberal democracies are understood here as politicalsystems that hold meaningful, free and fair, and multi-party elections, and their citizens have further individual rights, are equal before the law, and the legislative andthe courts constrain the executive.
All our related research and data
Charts
- Access to justice for menRegimes of the World
- Access to justice for womenRegimes of the World
- Age of democracyBoix et al.
- Age of democracyBoix et al., including women's right to vote
- Age of democracyPolity
- Age of electoral democracyRegimes of the World
- Age of electoral democracyLexical Index
- Age of liberal democracyRegimes of the World
- Age of polyarchyLexical Index
- Basic state functions scoreBTI
- Child mortality rate vs. electoral democracy
- Citizen satisfaction with democracy
- Citizen support for democracy
- Civil liberties indexEIU
- Civil liberties ratingFreedom House
- Civil liberties scoreFreedom House
- Civil rights scoreBTI
- Civil society participation indexV-Dem
- Common good justifications scoreV-Dem
- Competitive electionsLexical Index
- Competitiveness of executive recruitment scorePolity
- Competitiveness of political participation scorePolity
- Constraints on the executive scorePolity
- Countries that are democracies and autocraciesRegimes of the World
- Countries that are democracies and autocraciesRegimes of the World, including ambiguous regimes
- Countries that are democracies and autocraciesLexical Index
- Countries that are democracies and autocraciesBTI
- Countries that are democracies and non-democraciesBoix et al.
- Countries that are democracies and non-democraciesBoix et al., including women's right to vote
- Countries that are democracies and non-democraciesFreedom House
- Countries that are democracies and non-democraciesPolity 5
- Countries that are democracies and non-democraciesEIU
- Countries that are democratizing and autocratizingEpisodes of Regime Transformation
- Countries that are long-standing democraciesBoix et al.
- Countries that are long-standing democraciesBoix et al., including women's right to vote
- Countries that are long-standing democraciesPolity
- Countries that are long-standing electoral democraciesRegimes of the World
- Countries that are long-standing electoral democraciesLexical Index
- Countries that are long-standing liberal democraciesRegimes of the World
- Countries that are long-standing polyarchiesLexical Index
- Countries with universal right to vote
- Deliberative democracyV-Dem
- Deliberative democracyV-Dem, weighted by population
- Deliberative political institutions indexV-Dem
- DemocracyEIU
- DemocracyEIU, weighted by population
- Democracy indexPolity
- Democracy indexPolity, weighted by population
- Democratic culture indexEIU
- Democratic electoral institutionsFreedom House
- Democratic featuresBTI
- Democratic featuresBTI, weighted by population
- Direct popular voting indexV-Dem
- Distribution of deliberative democracyV-Dem, weighted by population
- Distribution of deliberative democracyV-Dem
- Distribution of democracyPolity, weighted by population
- Distribution of democracyEIU, weighted by population
- Distribution of democracyEIU
- Distribution of democracyPolity
- Distribution of democratic featuresBTI
- Distribution of democratic featuresBTI, weighted by population
- Distribution of egalitarian democracyV-Dem, weighted by population
- Distribution of egalitarian democracyV-Dem
- Distribution of electoral democracyV-Dem
- Distribution of electoral democracyV-Dem, weighted by population
- Distribution of liberal democracyV-Dem, weighted by population
- Distribution of liberal democracyV-Dem
- Distribution of participatory democracyV-Dem
- Distribution of participatory democracyV-Dem, weighted by population
- Effective power to govern scoreBTI
- Egalitarian democracyV-Dem
- Egalitarian democracyV-Dem, weighted by population
- Egalitarian political institutions indexV-Dem
- Elected political leaders index
- Election voter turnout rate by age in the United States
- Elections for government's chief executiveLexical Index
- Elections for legislatureLexical Index
- Electoral democracyV-Dem, weighted by population
- Electoral democracyLexical Index
- Electoral democracyRegimes of the World
- Electoral democracy indexV-Dem
- Electoral democracy today vs. past average years of schooling
- Electoral pluralism indexEIU
- Elite consultations scoreV-Dem
- Engaged society scoreV-Dem
- Equal access to power indexV-Dem
- Equal resource distribution indexV-Dem
- Equal rights protection indexV-Dem
- Experience with democracyBoix et al.
- Experience with democracyBoix et al., including women's right to vote
- Experience with democracyPolity
- Experience with electoral democracyRegimes of the World
- Experience with electoral democracyLexical Index
- Experience with liberal democracyRegimes of the World
- Experience with polyarchyLexical Index
- Free and fair electionsRegimes of the World
- Free and fair elections indexV-Dem
- Free and fair elections scoreBTI
- Free countries and territoriesFreedom House
- Freedom of association indexV-Dem
- Freedom of association scoreBTI
- Freedom of expression indexV-Dem
- Freedom of expression scoreBTI
- Functioning government indexEIU
- GDP per capita vs. electoral democracy
- Government effectiveness vs. liberal democracy
- Human rights index vs. electoral democracy index
- Individual liberties and equality before the law index
- Judicial constraints on the executive index
- Justified political positions scoreV-Dem
- Legislative constraints on the executive index
- Liberal democracyV-Dem
- Liberal democracyV-Dem, weighted by population
- Liberal political institutionsRegimes of the World
- Liberal political institutions index
- Life expectancy vs. liberal democracy
- Meaningful democratic electoral institutionsRegimes of the World
- Men's universal right to voteLexical Index
- Multi-party electionsRegimes of the World
- Multi-party elections for government's chief executiveRegimes of the World
- Multi-party elections for legislatureRegimes of the World
- Number of democracies by ageBoix et al.
- Number of democracies by ageBoix et al., including women's right to vote
- Number of democracies by agePolity
- Number of electoral democracies by ageRegimes of the World
- Number of electoral democracies by ageLexical Index
- Number of liberal democracies by ageRegimes of the World
- Number of polyarchies by ageLexical Index
- Openness of executive recruitment scorePolity
- Participatory democracyV-Dem, weighted by population
- Participatory democracyV-Dem
- Participatory political institutions indexV-Dem
- People living in countries with universal right to vote
- People living in democracies and autocraciesRegimes of the World
- People living in democracies and autocraciesRegimes of the World, including ambiguous regimes
- People living in democracies and autocraciesLexical Index
- People living in democracies and autocraciesBTI
- People living in democracies and non-democraciesPolity IV
- People living in democracies and non-democraciesBoix et al.
- People living in democracies and non-democraciesBoix et al., including women's right to vote
- People living in democracies and non-democraciesFreedom House
- People living in democracies and non-democraciesPolity
- People living in democracies and non-democraciesEIU
- People living in democratizing and autocratizing countriesEpisodes of Regime Transformation
- People living in free countries and territoriesFreedom House
- People living in long-standing democraciesBoix et al.
- People living in long-standing democraciesBoix et al., including women's right to vote
- People living in long-standing democraciesPolity
- People living in long-standing electoral democraciesRegimes of the World
- People living in long-standing electoral democraciesLexical Index
- People living in long-standing liberal democraciesRegimes of the World
- People living in long-standing polyarchiesLexical Index
- Political and social integration indexBTI
- Political libertiesLexical Index
- Political oppositionLexical Index
- Political participation indexBTI
- Political regimeRegimes of the World
- Political regimeBoix et al.
- Political regimeRegimes of the World, including ambiguous regimes
- Political regimeBoix et al., including women's right to vote
- Political regimeFreedom House, free countries
- Political regimeFreedom House, electoral democracies
- Political regimeLexical Index
- Political regimePolity
- Political regimeBTI
- Political regimeEIU
- Political regimeEpisodes of Regime Transformation
- Political rights ratingFreedom House
- Political rights scoreFreedom House
- PolyarchyLexical Index
- Regulation of political participation scorePolity
- Respect for counterarguments scoreV-Dem
- Rule of law indexBTI
- Separation of powers scoreBTI
- Share of adult citizens who have the right to vote
- Stability of democratic institutions indexBTI
- Stateness indexBTI
- Strong elected local governments indexV-Dem
- Strong elected regional governments indexV-Dem
- Taxation vs. electoral democracy
- Transparent lawsRegimes of the World
- Universal right to voteLexical Index
- Varieties of democracyV-Dem, weighted by population
- Varieties of democracyV-Dem
- Voter turnout
- Women's political empowerment index vs. electoral democracy index
- Women's universal right to voteLexical Index