Primary energy consumption from renewables

Renewable energy includes hydropower, solar, wind, geothermal, wave and tidal and bioenergy. Traditional biofuels are not included. Energy consumption is based onprimary energy equivalents, rather than final electricity use.

Note: 'Primary energy’ refers to energy in its raw form, before conversion into electricity, heat or transport fuels. It is here measured in terms of 'input equivalents' via the substitution method: the amount ofprimary energy that would be required from fossil fuels to generate the same amount of electricity from renewables.